McGrath, Patrick
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10222/27778
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Item Open Access Dalhousie dyspnea scales: construct and content validity of pictorial scales for measuring dyspnea(2005-08) McGrath, P. J.; Pianosi, P. T.; Unruh, A. M.; Buckley, C. P.BACKGROUND: Because there are no child-friendly, validated, self-report measures of dyspnea or breathlessness, we developed, and provided initial validation, of three, 7-item, pictorial scales depicting three sub-constructs of dyspnea: throat closing, chest tightness, and effort. METHODS: We developed the three scales (Throat closing, Chest tightness, and Effort) using focus groups with 25 children. Subsequently, seventy-nine children (29 children with asthma, 30 children with cystic fibrosis. and 20 children who were healthy) aged 6 to 18 years rated each picture in each series, using a 0-10 scale. In addition, each child placed each picture in each series on a 100-cm long Visual Analogue Scale, with the anchors "not at all" and "a lot". RESULTS: Children aged eight years or older rated the scales in the correct order 75% to 98% correctly, but children less than 8 years of age performed unreliably. The mean distance between each consecutive item in each pictorial scale was equal. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results revealed that children aged 8 to 18 years understood and used these three scales measuring throat closing, chest tightness, and effort appropriately. The scales appear to accurately measure the construct of breathlessness, at least at an interval level. Additional research applying these scales to clinical situations is warranted.Item Open Access The role of peer communication in the socialization of adolescents' pain experiences: a qualitative investigation(2008-01) Hatchette, Jill E.; McGrath, Patrick J.; Murray, Michael; Finley, G. AllenNo abstract available.Item Open Access Newborn literacy program effective in increasing maternal engagement in literacy activities: an observational cohort study(2012-07) van Zanten, Stephanie Veldhuijzen; Coates, Chrystal; Hervas-Malo, Marilou; McGrath, Patrick J.No abstract available.Item Open Access Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents(2006) Uman, L. S.; Chambers, C. T.; McGrath, P. J.; Kisely, S.No abstract available.