Assessing Whale Conservation Efforts with Spatial-Based Tools: A Case Study of the Gully Marine Protected Area

Abstract

The Gully Marine Protected Area (MPA) is a unique marine ecosystem east of Sable Island, Nova Scotia, which is home to diverse whale species, including the endangered Scotian Shelf northern bottlenose whale population. Whale management within the Gully is still developing as researchers aim to understand the role that MPA conservation has in protecting whales. This study investigates the impact of biological, governance and management factors on whale conservation within the Gully MPA using a modified assessment tool. The role of spatial-based tools in enhancing conservation outcomes for whales in the Gully MPA is examined by applying two evaluation frameworks: (1) an adaptation of the Marine Mammal Management (MMMT) self-assessment tool, developed by the European Commission, and (2) the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT), developed by World Wildlife Fund. Subsequently, a modified assessment tool for whale management in the Canadian MPA context is presented and discussed. Assessment results highlight that the Gully scores well for most categories and demonstrates the importance of a holistic approach to address challenges to optimise whale conservation efforts within the Gully MPA. Integrating ecological principles with planning strategies allows for comprehensive management, balancing ecological integrity with socio-economic interests. The findings emphasise the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to the conservation of vulnerable whale species in the Gully and across ocean management.