Uptake of slow-release oral morphine as opioid agonist treatment among hospitalized patients with opioid use disorder

Abstract

Introduction: Buprenorphine and methadone are highly effective first-line medications for opioid agonist treatment (OAT) but are not acceptable to all patients. We aimed to assess the uptake of slow-release oral morphine (SROM) as second-line OAT among medically ill, hospitalized patients who declined buprenorphine and methadone.

Methods: This study included consecutive hospitalized patients with untreated moderate-to-severe opioid use disorder (OUD) referred to an inpatient addiction medicine consultation service, between June 2018 and September 2019, in Nova Scotia, Canada. We assessed the proportion of patients initiating first-line OAT (buprenorphine or methadone) in-hospital, and the proportion initiating SROM after declining first-line OAT. We compared rates of outpatient OAT continuation (filling outpatient OAT prescription or attending first outpatient OAT clinic visit) by medication type, and compared OAT selection between patients with and without chronic pain, using Chi-squared tests.

Results: Thirty-four patients were offered OAT initiation in-hospital; six patients (18%) also had chronic pain. Twenty-one patients (62%) initiated first-line OAT with buprenorphine or methadone. Of the 13 patients who declined first-line OAT, seven (54%) initiated second-line OAT with SROM in-hospital. Rates of outpatient OAT continuation after hospital discharge were high (>80%) and did not differ between medications (p=0.4). Patients with co-existing chronic pain were more likely to choose SROM over buprenorphine or methadone (p=0.005).

Discussion and Conclusions: The ability to offer SROM (in addition to buprenorphine or methadone) increased rates of OAT initiation among hospitalized patients. Increasing access to SROM would help narrow the OUD treatment gap of unmet need.