HARBOURING LIFE: EXAMINING AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AROUND THE PORT OF HALIFAX TO ENHANCE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING & MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Over time, Halifax Harbour has undergone significant alterations due to human activities, impacting sediment composition, biodiversity, species distribution, seabed morphology, and sediment transport pathways. Despite these changes, the harbour remains integral to Nova Scotia's history, culture, and economy. In 2022, the Port of Halifax contributed $4.87 billion to the provincial economy, generating $2.5 billion in GDP and supporting over 25,300 jobs. As a global shipping hub connected to over 150 countries, it also serves as a vibrant arts and cultural destination. However, ongoing port operations and expansions threaten the local aquatic ecosystems. While the port acknowledges these risks, there remains a critical gap in understanding and monitoring the harbour's aquatic environment. This study addresses that gap by reviewing existing literature on the harbour’s geology, bathymetry, oceanography, species, and habitats, supplemented by data collected from local divers on habitat types, species distribution, and sediment conditions. The goal is to guide the Halifax Port Authority (HPA) in improving its aquatic environmental management practices. The study identifies key ecological areas and species, highlights socio-economic considerations, uncovers knowledge gaps, and proposes actionable recommendations for more effective management and monitoring. To support the HPA’s decision-making, an interactive GIS map was created to visualize key ecological data. Ultimately, this study aims to enhance the management of aquatic ecosystems within the Port of Halifax, ensuring a balance between environmental sustainability and the port's vital economic and cultural roles.