Addictions and impulse-control disorders as occupation: A selected literature review and synthesis

Abstract

Objective. The question addressed in this paper is: “Are activities that are classified as ‘addictions’ and ‘impulse-control disorders’ occupations?” Background. Current conceptualisations of occupation focus on positive contributions to health and well-being. We suggest that occupations are neither inherently healthy nor unhealthy but are associated with positive and/or negative consequences. Methods. Integrative and interpretative literature syntheses were undertaken. Findings. Findings demonstrated that activities classified as addictions and impulse-control disorders meet the criteria of occupation, in that they give meaning to life; are important determinants of health, well-being and justice; organize behaviour; develop and change over a lifetime; shape and are shaped by environments and have therapeutic potential. Conclusion. The findings have implications for the conceptualization of occupations, including the relationship between occupation and health, the potential risk for negative consequences through occupational engagement, a deeper exploration of occupational patterns and performance and the influence of context. Finally, a potential role for occupational science in the field of addictions and impulse-control disorders is proposed.